Adverbial Clause

v Adverbial clause

  Tentang Reduced Adverbial Clause

·         Reduced adverbial clause didapat dengan mereduksi/mempersingkat adverbial clause dengan syarat di dalam complex sentence (kalimat kompleks) hanya terdapat satu subject.

·         Isu umum dari reduksi adverbial clause ini adalah ada atau tidak adanya to be.

·         Umumnya conjunction terletak pada awal dependent clause, namun jika terletak di akhir, harus diperhatikan agar tidak terjadi ambiguitas atau makna rancu.

  Rumus dan Contoh Reduced Adverbial Clause

Adverbial clause yang menggunakan to be dapat direduksi dengan dua tahap. Namun kita dapat berhenti baik ditahap satu maupun dua. Adapun rumus reduksi adverbial clause ini dengan atau tanpa to be pada kalimat positive maupun negative adalah sebagai berikut.

Kalimat	Rumus	Contoh
Positive	Rumus dengan be: C+S+be+V-ing/noun/adjective/V-3(passive)Tahap1: C+S+be+V-ing Tahap2: C+V-ingatauTahap1: C+S+be+being+noun/adjective/V-3(passive) Tahap2: C+being+noun/adjective/V-3(passive)	Continuous: While I was walking on the street, I saw the incident. Tahap1: While walking on the street, I saw the incident. Tahap2: Walking on the street, I saw the incident.
		As Ana is very kind, she has so many friends. Tahap1: As being very kind, she has so many friends. Tahap2: Being kind, she has so many friends.
	Rumus tanpa be: C+S+V Reduced: C+S+V+V-ing	When he came last night, he left a message to you. Reduced: When coming last night, he left a message to you.
Negative	Rumus dengan be: C+S+be+not+V-ing/noun/adjective/V-3(passive)Tahap1: C+S+be+not+V-ing Tahap2: C+not+V-ingatau Tahap1: C+S+be+not+being+noun/adjective/V-3(passive) Tahap2: C+not+being+noun/adjective/V-3(passive)	Because she was learnt Math, she turned off the TV. Tahap1: Because being learnt Math, she turned off the TV. Tahap2: Being learnt Math, she turned off the TV.
		As Ana is not friendly, she has few friends. Tahap1: As being not friendly, she has few friends. Tahap2: Being not friendly, she has few friends.
	Rumus tanpa be: C+S+V Reduced: C+S+V+not+V-ing	When he didn’t come last night, he notified by phone. Reduced: When not coming last night, he notified by phone.

      REDUCING
1. Hilangkan Conjunctionnya
2. Pada kalimat aktive, ubahlah ordinarinya menjadi bentuk V-ING
3. Pada kalimat Passive, ubahlah ordinarinya menjadi bentuk Past Participle /V3
4. Pada kalimat Nominal, kembalikan TO BE ke bentuk aslinya “BE” dan gerundkan   (ubah ke bentuk ING)
5. Hanya bisa berlaku pada Subjek yang sama , lalu hilangkan subjek yang ada pada Sub-Clausenya.
6. Letak kalimat Sub Clause adalah kalimat yang didalamnya terdapat Conjunctionnya.
7. Contoh :
a. Contoh Kalimat Abridgment yang mempunyai Sub Clause di depan.
When I was walking home, I saw a beautiful woman

When I walking home, I saw a beautiful woman

I was walking home, I saw a beautiful woman

walking home, I saw a beautiful woman.

à Sumber referensi :

http://www.wordsmile.com/reduced-adverb-clause

v      Adjective Clause

We reduce sentences when you have the same subject in the main clause and the adjective clause. Adjective clauses contain relative pronouns like who, which, or that. The reduced adjective clause becomes an adjective phrase, which does not have a subject. An adjective phrase does not have a subject and a verb. Instead, it has a present participle (base verb + ing) for the active voice or a past participle for the passive voice.

            Normal SentenceàThe girl who is standing by the table is my sister.

            Reduced SentenceàThe girl standing by the table is my sister.

           

Normal SentenceàThe watch that was found in the lobby belongs to Lilly.

            Reduced SentenceàThe watch found in the lobby belongs to Lilly.

            Normal SentenceàPeople who live in large cities have many resources.

            Reduced SentenceàPeople living in large cities have many resources.

           

            Normal SentenceàLee Davis, who is a business teacher, wrote this book.

            Reduced SentenceàLee Davis, a business teacher, wrote this book.

Remember that only sentences with a verb immediately after the relative pronoun can be reduced. If there is a subject after the relative pronoun, the clause cannot be reduced.

ExàThe man who is smoking by the door is my professor. (can be reduced)

         The man whom I was talking to is my professor. (cannot be reduced)

How to Reduce an Adjective Clause

If you want to reduce an adjective clause, make sure that the same subject is present in both clauses, and then follow these steps:

1.      Omit the relative pronoun (who, that, which) of the adjective clause

Students who need extra help should see a tutor.

The words that are underlined in red have errors.

Roquefort, which is a type of cheese, comes from France.

2.      Omit the be form of the verb if there is one.

Students need extra help should see a tutor. (no be)

The words are underlined in red have errors.

Roquefort, is a type of cheese, comes from France.

3.      Change the verb to its present participle form (–ing) for the active voice, or leave it as the past participle for the passive voice. Sometimes after deleting be, there is no verb.

Students needing extra help should see a tutor. (active voiceàpresent participle)

The words underlined in red have errors. (passive voiceàpast participle)

Roquefort, a type of cheese, comes from France. (no verb)

Reduced Adjective Clauses — Rules

A reduced adjective clause begins with either a present participle or a past participle. It's simple to know which one to use: if the reduced clause is made from an active verb, start the adjective clause with the present participle, but if it's made from a passive verb, begin the adjective clause with a past participle.

• Reduced Adjective Clause (reduksi klausa kata sifat) dapat dilakukan dengan syarat di dalam complex sentence (kalimat kompleks) hanya terdapat satu subject.
• Pada reduksi active voice (kalimat aktif), relative pronoun dan verb to be (jika ada) dihapus serta ditambahkan -ing pada active verb bentuk simple present-nya (verb-1) sehingga membentuk present participle.
• Pada passive voice (kalimat pasif),relative pronoun dan verb to be (jika ada) dihapus serta ditambahkan being sebelum past participle (jika berbentuk progressive tense).

  Contoh Reduced Adjective Clause

Adapun cara mereduksi adjective clause dapat dipelajari pada contoh di dalam tabel sebagai berikut.

Kondisi	Contoh Complex Sentence (Adjective Clause)	Contoh Complex Sentence (Reduced Adjective Clause)
Active Voice	The student who always studies in the library is my friend.	The student always studying in the library is my friend.
	The athlete who is carrying the ball is Miroslav Klose.	The athlete carrying the ball is Miroslav Klose.
	She is the woman who supported me day and night.	She is the woman supporting me day and night.
Passive Voice	The girl who was advised is my neighbour.	The girl advised is my neighbour.
	The car which is being parked there is Ferarri.	The car being parked there is Ferarri.
	The project which has been being worked for 3 months is very difficult.	The project being worked for 3 months is very difficult.
Subject + preposition	The building which is in front of you was built in 1928.	The building in front of you was built in 1928.

à Sumber referensi

http://web2.uvcs.uvic.ca/elc/studyzone/490/grammar/reduced-adjective-clauses-rules.htm

http://www.wordsmile.com/reduced-adjective-clause

MT.SAC Writing center. Learning activities Reduced Adjective Clauses. From http://mtsac.edu.com/ReduceAdjectiveclause, 2 april 2014